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AIM: To investigate the role and mechanism of N6-methyladenosine(m6A)methyltransferase 3(METTL3)in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract.METHODS: We cultured SRA01/04 cells in low and high sugar media for 24h and measured changes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)indicators(E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, ZO-1 and α-SMA)using RT-qPCR and Western blot assays. Cell migration was also assessed using transwell and scratch assays. To investigate the expression level and localization of METTL3 in human lens anterior capsules tissues. Additionally, we used m6A dot blot assay to detect the m6A methylation level of cells cultured in low and high glucose media for 24h, and employed RT-qPCR and Western blot experiments to detect RNA and protein expression of METTL3 in cells. We then treated the cells with METTL3 inhibitor and measured changes in EMT markers by RT-qPCR and Western blot; m6A methylation level was detected by m6A dot blot test; cell migration was detected by Transwell. Finally, the expression of transforming growth factor-β(TGFβ1)in cultured cells was assessed by immunofluorescence staining and the expression levels of TGFβ1 and SNAIL in cells were determined using RT-qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS: Under high glucose conditions, the expression of EMT markers, METTL3, and m6A methylation levels were significantly increased in cells(P<0.05). Furthermore, the migratory ability of cells was higher in high-sugar medium than in low-sugar medium. In human lens anterior capsules, METTL3 expression was higher in patients with diabetic cataract compared to those with age-related cataract. Importantly, treatment with the METTL3 inhibitor STM2457 inhibited EMT in cells, the expression of TGFβ1 and SNAIL, as well as m6A methylation levels in cells(all P<0.05)compared to high-sugar + dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)group. Moreover, the migratory capacity of cells was reduced after the addition of STM2457 compared to the high-sugar + DMSO group.CONCLUSION:METTL3 promotes the EMT in human lens epithelial cells under high glucose conditions by activating the TGFβ1/SNAIL pathway, thus contributing to the development of diabetic cataracts.
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Background : Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) plays a major initiative factor of cataractogenesis in both age-related or senile cataract and Diabetic cataract. Recently, 8-isoprostaglandin F2? (8-iso-PGF2?) is a reliable biomarker of in-vivo LPO and used as potential indicator of oxidative stress. However, serum 8-iso-PGF2? concentration and its association with glycemic control (HbA1c) in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract subjects are still unknown. Objectives : The present study was designed to estimate 8-iso-PGF2? and antioxidant enzymes levels in serum of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients with senile cataract compared to healthy individuals without cataract as control. To assess the magnitude of the association between 8-iso-PGF2? and glycemic status in diabetic cataract. Materials and Methods : 60 Diabetic Senile Cataracts (DSC) and 60 healthy individuals without cataract in the age group between 45-75 years of both genders. 8-iso-PGF2?, Superoxide Dismutase [Cu-Zn] (SOD3) and Catalase (CAT) concentration were estimated in serum by ELISA method. Results : The mean concentration of 8-iso-PGF2? was significantly increased (541.6±142.7 pg/ml, p<0.001) and mean concentration of SOD3 (102.1±32.8 ng/ml, p=0.007) and Catalase (1005±274.5 IU/ml, p<0.001) were significantly decreased in serum of diabetic senile cataract when compared to healthy individuals without cataract (control). A negative correlation between serum 8-iso-PGF2? and SOD3 and positive correlation between serum 8- iso-PGF2? and fasting blood glucose were observed in Diabetic Senile Cataracts. Conclusion : The present findings indicate that increased 8-iso-PGF2? is associated with oxidative stress which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of cataract in diabetic patients
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Objective:To investigate the regulatory effects of microRNA-23b-3p (miR-23b-3p) on the autophagy and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells induced by high glucose.Methods:Thirty diabetic cataract (DC) patients as DC group and 30 patients with simple cataract as simple cataract group were enrolled in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University from September 2019 to October 2020.Conventional phacoemulsification and intraocular lens transplantation were performed in both groups.The anterior capsular tissue was collected during the operation.The expression of miR-23b-3p in the anterior lens capsule was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Human lens epithelial cell line HLEB3 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into normal control group and high-glucose group, which were cultured in normal and high-glucose medium, respectively.The targeting relationship between proto-cadherin 17 (PCDH17) and miR-23b-3p was predicted according to the bioinformatics database, and was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment.High glucose-cultured HLEB3 cells were divided into miR-23b-3p mimics group, negative control (NC) mimics group, NC-siRNA group, PCDH17-siRNA group, miR-23b-3p mimics+ Vector group, miR-23b-3p mimics+ pcDNA-PCDH17 group, and were transfected with corresponding reagents according to grouping.The expression of miR-23b-3p and PCDH17 mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR.The expressions of a mammalian homolog of yeast Atg6/Vps30 (Beclin-1), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3B), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), phosphorylated (p-) JNK, c-Jun, p-c-Jun, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) proteins were assayed by Western blot.The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College (No.LSL2019037). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient. Results:The relative expression of miR-23b-3p in the anterior lens capsule of DC group was 0.35±0.15, which was significantly lower than 1.00±0.09 of simple cataract group ( t=44.627, P<0.01). There were significant differences in the relative expression levels of miR-23b-3p, LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Beclin-1, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins among normal control group, high glucose group, high glucose+ NC mimics group and high glucose+ miR-23b-3p mimics group ( F=21.325, 28.318, 17.634, 15.482, 22.325, 26.537; all at P<0.01). Compared with normal control group, the apoptosis rate, LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Beclin-1 and Bax protein expressions in high glucose group were significantly increased, and the Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly decreased (all at P<0.05). Compared with NC mimics group, the apoptosis rate, LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Beclin-1, and Bax protein expressions were significantly decreased and the Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly increased in miR-23b-3p mimics group (all at P<0.05). The results of bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments showed that PCDH17 was a target gene of miR-23b-3p, and the relative expression of PCDH17 mRNA in miR-23b-3p mimics group was significantly lower than that in NC mimics group ( P<0.05). Compared with NC-siRNA group, the apoptosis rate, LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Beclin-1 and Bax protein expressions in PCDH17-siRNA group were significantly decreased, and the Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly increased ( t=9.116, 12.413, 5.349, 3.273, 8.419; all at P<0.01). There were significant differences in the relative expression levels of p-JNK/JNK, p-c-Jun/c-Jun, LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Beclin-1, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in NC mimics group, miR-23b-3p mimics group, miR-23b-3p mimics+ Vector group and miR-23b-3p mimics+ pcDNA-PCDH17 group ( F=24.724, 19.319, 23.418, 17.562, 20.263, 15.249; all at P<0.05). Compared with the miR-23b-3p mimics+ Vector group, the expressions of p-JNK/JNK, p-c-Jun/c-Jun, LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ, Beclin-1 and Bax were significantly increased, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was decreased in miR-23b-3p mimics+ pcDNA-PCDH17 group (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:MiR-23b-3p have a protective effect on HLEB3 cells in a high-glucose environment, mainly by targeting PCDH17 to regulate the JNK signaling pathway to inhibit high glucose-induced autophagy and apoptosis.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of Portulacae Herba free granules on the degree of lens opacity and integrin β1 of lens in diabetic cataract rats. Methods:50 rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and the low, medium and high dose group of Portulacae Herba, 10 rats in each group. Except the control group, the diabetic cataract rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 1% STZ 60 mg/kg. The low, medium and high dose groups of Portulacae Herba were gavaged with Portulacae Herba 125, 250, 500 mg/kg, once a day for 12 weeks. The degree of lens opacity was observed with slit lamp. After 12 weeks, the lens was stained with HE. The expression of integrin β1 was detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the model group, the opacification degree of lens in the low, medium and high dose groups of Portulacae Herba was significantly decreased ( P<0.05), the expression of integrin β1 (1.58 ± 0.14, 1.46 ± 0.24, 1.12 ± 0.19 vs. 1.76 ± 0.23) in rat lens was decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:For diabetic cataract rats, Portulacae Herba free granules can influence the expression of integrin β1 and inhibit the occurance of lens opacity.
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@#AIM: To investigate the changes of corneal endothelial cells and ocular surface after phacoemulsification for age-related cataract(ARC)patients with diabetes mellitus. <p>METHODS: Retrospective case study. A total of 190 cataract patients with diabetes mellitus who received phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation in 190 eyes admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected. In addition, 230 ARC patients without diabetes who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation at the same time were selected as the control group. Ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score, tear film rupture time(BUT), basal tear secretion test(S I t), corneal endothelial cell density and coefficient of variation were compared between the two groups.<p>RESULTS: There was no significant difference in preoperative OSDI score, BUT, S I t, corneal endothelial cell density and coefficient of variation between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). In the observation group, OSDI scores were significantly increased 1wk, 1mo and 3mo after surgery compared with those before surgery, with statistically significant differences(all <i>P</i><0.01). The OSDI scores of patients in the control group increased significantly one week and one month after the operation compared with those before the operation, with statistically significant differences(all <i>P</i><0.01). The OSDI scores in the observation group at each time point after the operation were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences(all <i>P</i><0.05). One week after surgery, 1mo after surgery, BUT and S I t in the two groups decreased significantly compared with that before surgery(<i>P</i><0.05), and the difference was not statistically significant compared with that before surgery 3mo after surgery. In addition, compared with BUT between the two groups, the observation group had a lower tear film stabilization time and a more significant decrease(<i>P</i><0.05). The corneal endothelial cell density in the two groups decreased significantly 1wk, 1mo and 3mo after surgery compared with that before surgery(<i>P</i><0.05). The variation coefficient of corneal endothelial cells in the two groups was statistically significant 1wk after the operation and 1mo after the operation compared with that before the treatment(<i>P</i><0.05). The variation coefficient of corneal endothelial cells in the observation group was more significant than that in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Cataract patients with diabetes surgery tolerance is low, the corneal endothelial cell density and the central corneal thickness and corneal appears before tear secretion with stability and foundation treatment have significant changes, and its characteristic is cataract patients without diabetes more apparent, clinical intraoperative and postoperative corneal endothelial protection should be strengthened, and the surface of the eye protection ability of the organization.
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@#AIM: To analyze the changes in serum and aqueous humor of patients with diabetic cataracts in vitamin C, oxidative stress products, inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)levels.<p>METHODS: From January 2018 to December 2019, 40 patients with diabetic cataract(40 eyes)were selected as the observation group, and 40 patients with simple cataract(40 eyes)were selected as the control group. The differences in the levels of vitamin C, oxidative stress products(malondialdehyde), inflammatory factors(IL-6 and IL-8)and VEGF in blood and aqueous humor samples of the two groups of patients were analyzed. <p>RESULTS: There was no difference in serum vitamin C levels between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05), but the aqueous vitamin C levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(20.6±13.6mg/L <i>vs</i> 27.2±9.9mg/L, <i>P</i><0.05); There was no difference in the serum malondialdehyde level of patients(<i>P</i>>0.05), but the aqueous malondialdehyde level of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(12.6±4.6nmol/mL <i>vs</i> 8.0±3.1nmol/mL,<i> P</i><0.001); Serum and aqueous humor IL-6 and IL-8 levels were significantly higher than those of the control group(<i>P</i><0.001); there was no difference in serum VEGF levels between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05), but the observation group's aqueous humor VEGF levels were significantly higher than the control group(45.6±20.6pg/mL <i>vs</i> 16.5±4.5pg/mL, <i>P</i><0.001).<p>CONCLUSION: Compared with patients with simple cataract, patients with diabetic cataract have similar serum vitamin C, oxidative stress products and VEGF levels, but there are greater differences in the levels of vitamin C, oxidative stress products and VEGF in their aqueous humor. At the same time, patients with diabetic cataracts serum and aqueous humor inflammatory factor levels are higher than those of patients with simple cataract.
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@#AIM: To build up prediction model of corneal edema after cataract surgery in patients with diabetic. <p>METHODS: During January 2017 to December 2019, 312 patients with diabetic cataract underwent elective phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation were enrolled. The patients were divided into corneal edema group(<i>n=</i>62)and non-corneal edema group(<i>n</i>=250)according to corneal edema status within 1wk after surgery. The gender, age, smoking history, drinking history, diabetes history, hypertension history, glaucoma history, corneal dystrophy, chronic uveitis, lens core hardness Emery classification, preoperative anterior chamber depth, intraoperative ultrasound energy and effective ultrasound time, IOL material and implant location, number of corneal endothelium after surgery were compared between the two groups. Stepwise Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors and a risk scoring system was constructed base on the determined risk factors. The ROC curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of the risk score model for postoperative corneal edema.<p>RESULTS: Of the 312 diabetic cataract patients included, 62 cases(19.9%)had postoperative corneal edema. According to stepwise Logistic regression analysis, age >60 years(<i>OR</i>=2.657, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.135-6.220), duration of diabetes >10 years(<i>OR</i>=6.932, 95%<i> CI</i>: 1.911-25.145), hypertension history(<i>OR</i>=2.783, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.037-14.510),glaucoma history(<i>OR</i>=3.679, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.128-11.999), chronic uveitis(<i>OR</i>=2.601, 95%<i> CI</i>: 1.099-6.156), lens nucleus hardness grade IV to V(<i>OR</i>=8.658, 95% <i>CI</i>: 2.595-28.887), preoperative shallow anterior chamber(<i>OR</i>=3.431, 95% <i>CI</i>:1.679-7.011), postoperative corneal endothelial cell count(<i>OR</i>=3.026, 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.137-8.053)were the risk factor for postoperative corneal edema in patients with diabetic cataract. The risk scoring system was constructed according to the above risk factors: age >60 years old, history of hypertension, history of glaucoma, chronic uveitis, corneal endothelial cell number loss≥10%, shallow anterior chamber corresponding to 1 point, duration of diabetes >10 years and lens hardness Ⅳ-V corresponds to 2 points, with a total score of 0-10 points. The risk score model predicts that the area under the ROC curve of postoperative corneal edema in diabetic cataract patients was 0.848(95% <i>CI</i>: 0.772-0.934)at cut-off value of 8.94, and the sensitivity and specificity were 85.3% and 80.2%, respectively.<p>CONCLUSION: Age>60 years old, course of diabetes >10 years, history of hypertension, history of glaucoma, chronic uveitis, lens nucleus hardness Ⅳ-Ⅴ, preoperative shallow anterior chamber, postoperative corneal endothelial cell loss is the postoperative occurrence of diabetic cataract patients. The risk factors of corneal edema, the risk scoring model constructed based on the above risk factors has good predictive value for postoperative corneal edema.
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@#AIM:To observe the expression pattern of Cyclin D1 in human lens epithelial cells(HLECs)after traumatic stimulation in high-glucose culture<p>METHODS: The activity of HLECs was detected by MTT method after incubate with differernt concentration glucose for 24h <i>in vitro </i>to determine the optimal glucose concentration. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the high glucose pretreatment group and the non-high glucose pretreatment group. The expression of Cyclin D1 in HLECs at different time points after traumatic stimulation was detected.<p>RESULTS: The viability of HLECs were increased when treatment with low concentration glucose, but the concentration should not exceed 25.5mmol/L, or it will inhibit the activity of HLECs; The reasult of high glucose pretreatment group reveal that the expression of Cyclin D1 is down-regulated in a time-dependent manner within a certain time range. While the expression of Cyclin D1 was irregular in the non-pretreatment group, it was increased at the time point of 12h and 48h. The score treatment can up-regulate the expression of Cyclin D1 in HLECs in a certain degreen.<p>CONCLUSION: The effects of glucose on HLECs activity and Cyclin D1 experssion are irrugular. Trauma treatment can stimulate the expression of Cyclin D1 in HLECs to some extent.
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Background: In Pakistan age related vision disturbances are mainly due to cataract. Various studies have reported relationship of ocular lesion with senile changes and diabetes mellitus resulting in reduced quality of life due to vision. Oxidative stress is an important factor in the process of cataractogenesis. The pathogenesis of the cataract may involve decreased activity of antioxidant scavenging system which includes non-enzymatic natural antioxidants as biomolecules such as carotenoids and vitamins. So, it is planned to investigate the level of serum antioxidant vitamins in diabetic cataract patients and in non-diabetic cataract patients.Methods: The study was conducted at Biochemistry department, Al-Tibri Medical College Karachi from October 2016 to October 2017. Ninety pre diagnosed cataract patients were selected from Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital Karachi 40 normal control subjects were selected from the same population with same socioeconomic group. The demographic data was analyzed. The random blood sugar, antioxidant vitamins (C, A and E) and malondialdehyde were analyzed in the blood sample of control and cataract patients. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 20.Results: There was no significant difference in the level of vitamin C, A, E and MDA between diabetic and non-diabetic cataract patients, but the blood levels of vitamins of control are higher as compared to the cataract patients. The level of MDA is significantly high in cataract patients as compared to control. Antioxidant vitamin E was negatively correlated with serum malondialdehyde in cataract patients.Conclusions: It is concluded that in diabetic and non-diabetic cataract low level of serum antioxidant vitamins may be a contributory factor for cataractogenesis.
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@#AIM:To investigate the expression of glucose key metabolic enzymes in human lens epithelial cells(HLEB3)induced by high glucose.<p>METHODS:HLEB3 cells cultured <i>in vitro</i> were divided into normal control group(DMEM medium containing 5mmol/L of glucose), oxidative stress group(DMEM medium containing 5mmol/L of glucose and 200μmol/L of hydrogen peroxide), high glucose induction group(DMEM medium containing 30mmol/L of glucose). Apoptosis and cells were detected 24h after culture. Activity and expression of six key glucose metabolic enzymes(fructose-6-phosphate kinase-1, pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, citrate synthase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphate glucose dehydrogenase)were studied.<p>RESULTS:Apoptosis of HLEB3 cells was induced by high glucose. The cell viability of high glucose-induced group(63.43%±3.40%)was lower than that of normal control group(100.00%±0.00%)and oxidative stress group(91.90%±5.11%), and the expression levels of six key enzymes of glucose metabolism in high glucose-induced group were lower than that of normal control group and oxidative stress group(all <i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION:High glucose can induce the expression of glucose-key metabolizing enzymes in HLEB3 cells to decrease, induce apoptosis and affect cell activity.
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@#AIM:To explore the correlation between glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and inflammatory factors in aqueous humor and serum in patients with diabetic cataract. <p>METHODS:Sixty-nine patients with diabetic cataract and sixty-five patients with simple cataract were randomly selected from February 2017 to January 2018 in our hospital. The fasting blood glucose(FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)in serum, and IGF-1, IL-6 in aqueous humorand serum were compared between the two groups. HbA1c,HOMA-IR, IGF-1 and IL-6 for correlation were analyzed respectively.<p>RESULTS: The levels of FPG,HbA1c, HOMA-IR in serum, and IGF-1, IL-6 in aqueous humor and serum in the control group were significantly lower than those in the observation group(<i>P</i><0.05). Positive correlation between HbA1c and IGF-1, IL-6 in aqueous humor and serum(<i>P</i><0.05). Positive correlation between HOMA-IR and IGF-1, IL-6 in aqueous humorand serum(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: HbA1c and HOMA-IR in diabetic cataract patients are correlated with IGF-1 and IL-6 contents in aqueous humor and serum. The above indicators can be used to determine the condition.
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@#AIM: To study the effect of resveratrol on body mass and biochemical parameters of diabetic cataract model rats.<p>METHODS: Thirty rats were divided into blank group, model group and treatment group with 10 rats for each. Rats in the blank group were not treated. Rats in the model group and the treatment group were modeled. Rats in the treatment group were intervened with astragalol. Lens opacity, body mass, body growth and biochemical indexes of rats in each group were detected. The right eyeballs of rats in the three groups were stained with HE.<p>RESULTS: The rats in the blank group had transparent lens and no opacity; the degree of lens opacity and the overall score of cataract in the treatment group were better than those in the model group(<i>P</i><0.05); at 3rd and 5th weeks, the body weight and length of the rats in the treatment group were higher than those in the model group, and the levels of FPG and 2hPG were lower than those in the model group(<i>P</i><0.05); after 5wk, the biochemical indexes in the treatment group were significantly improved compared with those in the model group(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: Astragall can improve the degree of lens opacity in diabetic cataract rats, alleviate the effect of disease on the body weight of rats, regulate the level of blood sugar and biochemical indicators in rats, and alleviate the progress of cataract.
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Objective To investigate the role of autophagy in the development of diabetic cataract by detecting the expression of autophagy-related factors (BECN1,LC3B,P62) in diabetic mouse lens epithelial cells.Methods Eighty C57BL/6 male mice were selected.Fifty C57 mice were consecutively dosed with streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/ (kg · d) by intraperitoneal injection to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus model,and served as the model group;the remaining 30 mice were injected with appropriate dose of citrate buffer,and served as the control group.The fasting plasma glucose was tested by collecting the caudal vein blood in the model group.The morphological changes of autophagy of lens epithelial cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The expression and localization of LC3B and P62 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry.PCR was used to detect the expression of BECN1,LC3B and P62 mRNA in the anterior capsule.The relative expression of autophagy-related proteins in the anterior capsule was detected by Western blot.The use of animals complied with Regulations on the Management of Experimental Ainimals from Shandong Eye Institute.Results Compared with the control group,transmission electron microscopy revealed that the autophagosomes of lens epithelial cells in model group was large and contained more mitochondria.Immunohistochemical method showed that the expression of LC3B and P62 proteins in the anterior capsule tissue of experiment group was stronger than that of the control group.The relative expression level of BECN1,LC3B and P62 mRNA in the experiment group was 1.48±0.10,2.62±0.15 and 1.89±0.20,respectively,which was higher than 1.10±0.02,1.10±0.05 and 1.01±0.01 in the control group,with significant differences between the two groups (t =6.64,14.25,6.14;all at P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression of BECN1,LC3B and P62 protein in the experiment group was 1.50±0.10,1.24±0.09 and 3.19± 1.04,respectively,which was higher than 1.00±0.00,1.00±0.00 and 1.00±0.00 in the control group,with significant differences between the two groups (t =8.75,6.10,3.65;all at P＜0.05).Conclusions The phenomenon of autophagy in lens epithelial cells of diabetic mice is abnormal,and autophagy dysfunction may play an important role in the formation of diabetic cataract.
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Objective To observe the protective mechanisms of zingiber officinalis extract on the lens of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ).Methods Totally 60 SD rats were randomly divided into A group (normal control rats),B group (diabetic rats),C1 group (DM +50 mg · kg-1 ginger gavage),C2 group (DM + 100 mg ·kg-1 ginger gavage) and C3 group (DM + 300 mg · kg-1 ginger gavage).Each group had 12 rats.And rats in A group received intraperitoneal injection of the same volume of normal saline,while the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 65 mg · kg-1streptozotocin (STZ).When the animal model was successfully established,both A group and B group were administered orally with normal saline,and the C1,C2 and C3 groups were administered orally with ginger rhizome extract.The changes in blood glucose and lens were observed every week.The rats were sacrificed in succession at 4 week,8 week,12 week,and the lens was removed immediately.The content of aldose reductase (AR) was detected by ELISA,and the expression of glycosylation end products (AGEs) was detected by Western blot.The superoxide dismutase (SOS) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also detected.Fluorescent Tunel staining was used to detect the apoptosis of the lens epithelial cells.And finally,scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes in the lens.Results The activity of SOD in the lens of diabetic rats showed a decreasing trend with statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05).Changes in the content of MDA in the lens of rats in B,C1,C2 group were statistically significant in 4,8 and 12 weeks after successful modeling (all P ＜ 0.05),but no significant difference in A group and C3 group (both P ＞ 0.05).The persistent increase of AR in group B (P =0.003).The content of AR of the lens in C1,C2,C3 group showed a decreasing trend,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences in the expression of AGEs in C1,C2 and C3 group (all P ＜ 0.05).The degree of cortical fiber destruction in group B was progressively aggravated,but the degree of cortical destruction in C1,C2 and C3 group decreased with the increase of ginger gavage concentration through the scanning electron microscopy.It was observed that there was no significant difference in the apoptotic rate of LECs in A group (P =0.191),but the apoptosis of LECs in the rest group showed a rising trend,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The effects of ginger gavage extract can delay the opacification of lens and slow down the diabetic development in rats with a dose-independence manner.Ginger gavage extract may play a protective role on the lens of diabetic rats by inhibiting the activity of AR,oxidative stress and the production of AGEs as well as suppress the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells.
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AIM: To analyze the effect of calcium dobesilate combined with hypoglycemics for patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataract, and the influence on microcirculation of eye fundus, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level. METHODS: Totally 98 DR patients with cataract (126 eyes) from January 2013 to December 2015 in our hospital were selected as the research objects, and were divided into two groups randomly(treatment group:64 eyes in 49 patients, control group: 62 eyes in 49 patients). The control group was treated with acarbose tablet and metformin, while treatment group was treated with calcium dobesilate additionally. The clinical effect, the glycemic control effect, serum HIF-1α and VEGF level, eye function and fundus microcirculation of two groups after 12mo were compared. RESULTS: After 12mo, the total effective rates of two groups were 87.5%,61.3% respectively, which indicated significantly difference (P<0.05); the vision of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Two groups' blood glucose level decreased significantly, and no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05). After 1-month treatment, the plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, erythrocyte deformability index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hematocrit in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The PSV and EDV of the posterior ciliary artery and central artery in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0. 05), and RI was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). After 12-month treatment, the HIF-1α level of two groups were 35 90士11.36mmol/L, 46.75士12.08mmol/L respectively;the VEGF of two groups level were 89.72士13.61mmol/L, 110.30士16.74mmol/L, respectively, the treatment group's HIF- 1α level and VEGF were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05), and both decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Calcium dobesilate combined with hypoglycemics can effectively increase the clinical effect in the treatment of retinopathy diabetic cataract, effectively control blood glucose, improve microcirculation of eye fundus, decrease HIF - 1α, VEGF level, inhibit angiogenesis.
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AlM:To investigate the changes of corneal endothelial cells and tear film in diabetic cataract patients after operation. METHODS: Totally 88 patients (88 eyes) with diabetic cataract (study group) treated in our hospital from June 2016 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and 100 patients (100 eyes) with senile cataract (control group) were selected. Patients of two groups underwent phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation and followed up for 3mo. The corneal endothelial cell density, endothelial cell coefficient of variation and hexagonal cell proportion were measured by TOPCON SP - 3000P non- contact corneal endothelial tester before and after operation in two groups. The tear break-up time (BUT), basal tear secretion test (S︳t) and corneal fluorescein test (FL) in two groups were observed. RESULTS: There was no difference in corneal endothelial cell density between the two groups before treatment and 7d after treatment (P>0.05). The corneal endothelial cell density in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (3mo after treatment) (P < 0. 05). The density of corneal endothelial cells decreased significantly in two groups at each time points after treatment (P<0.05). The variation coefficient of corneal endothelial cells showed significant difference between groups at 7d and 3mo after treatment (P< 0. 05). The variation coefficient levels of corneal endothelial cells in both groups increased after treatment (P<0.05). The ratio of hexagonal cells decreased after treatment (P<0.05),and the ratio of hexagonal cells at 7d and 3mo after treatment in study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no difference in BUT, S︳t and FL between the two groups (P>0.05). BUT and FL between the two groups at 7d after treatment had no significant difference (P>0.05), while the S︳t of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). BUT and S︳t of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group at 3mo after treatment(P<0.05),with no difference in FL between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment,BUT,S︳t and FL were improved in the two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification has some damage to corneal endothelial cells and destroys the stability of tear film, corneal endothelial cells are damaged more severely and recover slowly after operation especially in diabetic cataract patients.
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AIM:To investigate the change regulation of macular thickness and volume on 1d preoperatively and 1d postoperatively in diabetic cataract patients affected by cataract surgery using stratus optical coherence tomography ( OCT) .?METHODS: Totally 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( non proliferative retinopathy ) requiring phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were enrolled. This study was designed as self-controlled of 1d preoperatively and 1d postoperatively eyes. OCT was used to examine the macular thickness, volume, and total macular volume.?RESULTS: No abnormal retinal morphology of macular region was found in any of the patients by OCT. Maldistribution was observed in the thickness and volume of the macular inner ring A, central B and outer ring C. The volume presented a basin distribution from the interior to the exterior. At 1d after surgery, of the nine compartment of the macular region, the macular mean B2, C2, C3 and C4 was thicker than that 1d before surgery. And the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the mean retinal thickness of macular within 1mm ( A) at 1d before and after surgery ( P > 0. 05 ). Moreover, at 1d after operation, the average volume of macula in A, B4, C1, C2 and C4 increased significantly compared with that at 1d before operation ( P < 0. 05 ), whereas there were no obvious changes in total volume after operation than before (P>0. 05).?CONCLUSION: Diabetic cataract surgery affects the macular thickness and volume.
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Cataract is the first ophthalmological blinding eye disease. In recent years, phacoemulsification has become the preferred method for the treatment of cataract due to its short time and small damage, which is widely used by ophthalmologists. With the continuous improvement of technology, serious complications caused by phacoemulsification become less and less. But the phenomenon of postoperative corneal edema is not uncommon. The incidence of corneal edema is especially high in patients with diabetic cataracts. This paper reviewes the concept of corneal edema, pathogenesis and the related factors of corneal edema after phacoemulsification in diabetic cataract patients.
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@#AIM: To investigate the effect of crystal turbidity on retinal oxygen saturation in patients with diabetic cataract. <p>METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study. Totally 68 patients with 68 eyes of diabetic cataract admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to December 2017 were selected as subjects. Retinal oximetry was used to measure the blood oxygen saturation of the retinal veins, veins, and their supraorbital, nasal, subnasal, and infraorbital branches. The objective scatter index(OSI)of the eye was measured by Visual Quality Analysis System II, and the degree of opacity of the lens was graded according to OSI. <p>RESULTS:The blood oxygen saturation of the retinal artery and its branches in this group were 101.39%±10.84%, 106.19%±11.40%, 103.22%±10.91%, 102.36%±20.31%, and 101.29%±13.88%, respectively. The oxygen saturation of the retinal vein and its branches were 62.51%±8.95%, 66.37%±10.74%, 64.81%±8.97%, 58.37%±13.85%, and 58.66%±19.94%, respectively. The difference between arteriovenous oxygen saturation was 40.72%±12.08%. In this group of patients, 68 patients with 68 eyes had an OSI value of 4.21±3.14. Among them, 15 eyes were turbid at the first stage, 14 eyes were turbid at level 2, 23 eyes were turbid at level 3, and 16 eyes were turbid at level 4. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the retinal veins, veins and their branches were negatively correlated with OSI(both <i>P</i><0.01). The difference in retinal arterial and venous oxygen saturation was positively correlated with OSI(<i>P</i><0.01). There were significant differences in the blood oxygen saturation between the retinal veins, veins and their branches in patients with different degrees of lens opacity(<i>P</i><0.05). The retinal arterial, venous and branch oxygen saturation of patients with opacity of lens 4 was significantly lower than that of patients with opacity of lens 1, 2, and 3, and the difference was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). There were no significant differences in blood oxygen saturation between the patients with opacity of lens 1, 2, and 3(<i>P</i>>0.05). There was no significant difference in the difference of arteriovenous oxygen saturation between the patients with different degrees of lens opacity(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: In patients with diabetic cataract, when the degree of lens opacity is 1 to 3, the degree of abnormality of retinal blood oxygen metabolism is not obvious. When the degree of lens opacity reaches 4, the blood oxygen saturation of the retinal veins, veins and their branches will decrease.
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@#AIM: To explore the effect of hydrogen sulfide(H<sub>2</sub>S)on oxidative stress in diabetic cataract rats and its mechanism. <p>METHODS:SD rats were randomly divided into control group, diabetic group, low-dosage NaHS-treated group, high-dosage NaHS-treated group, and NaHS treated alone group. NaHS was used as a donor of H<sub>2</sub>S. The diabetic model was established by a single intraperitoneally administrating streptozotocin(STZ, 65mg/kg). BQ900 slit lamp was used to recorded the changes of lenses. At the end of experiment, the level of superoxide dismutase(SOD)was measured by xanthine oxidase test, the activity of malondialdehyde(MDA)was detected by thiobarbituric acid test, and glutathione(GSH-Px)were detected by corresponding assay kits. Western blotting was applied to detect the expression of SIRT1. <p>RESULTS:The lenses of diabetic group showed different levels of turbidity, which demonstrated that diabetic cataract model was successfully established. Low-dosage NaHS and high-dosage NaHS treatment dramatically alleviated turbidity levels of lenses in diabetic rats, respectively. Compared to diabetic group, low-dosage NaHS and high-dosage NaHS treatment obviously decreased the levels of MDA and increased the levels of SOD and GSH-Px. Furthermore, the SIRT1 expression in lens of diabetic rats was downregulated, and low-dosage NaHS as well as high-dosage NaHS treatment significantly reversed this change. <p>CONCLUSION:H<sub>2</sub>S protects against oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats involving upregulation of SIRT1.